
Artificial intelligence systems are not autonomous. On the front end, human judgments steer and influence all AI research and development. On the back end, Anupam Rastogi, author of the 2017 article, "Artificial Intelligence — Human Augmentation is what's here and now," explains that AI implementation understood as "augmented intelligence" means that "machine learning and deep learning … provide humans with actionable data." While AI is about information acquisition and retention, knowledge management requires human virtues and judgment for deciding what is beneficial and just at every process level of AI.